VTP 525: Ogwo

In-Text Citations

In-text citations should have:

• the author's (or authors') last name
• the year of publication
• the page number(s), if you're using a direct quote

There are two ways to do in-text citations:

• Parenthetical citations – all citation information is in parentheses

  Ex. Some studies have found that students with disabilities are not always encouraged to go to college (Elmore, Veitch, & Harbor, 2018).

• Narrative citations – citation information is split up

  Ex. Elmore, Veitch, and Harbor (2018) found that students with disabilities are not always encouraged to go to college.

General rules for in-text citations:

• The quotation mark goes before the parentheses
• The period goes after the parentheses
• If the quotation is on just one page, use "p." before the page number. If the quotation spans across two pages, use "pp."

Reference List Citations

Most things in reference list citations should be lowercase - the exceptions are:

• The first letter of the first word of the title
• The first letter of the first word after a colon (see the example below)
• Proper nouns (see the example below)
  • Not sure if something is a proper noun? Google it!

In-text citation

Masta (2018) notes that participants in her study were "most at ease interacting with other Native American students" (p. 29).

Reference list

Masta, S. (2018). Strategy and resistance: How Native American students engage in accommodation in mainstream schools. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 49(1), 21-35.

Note: The general format for article citations is:

• The author's (or authors') last name, followed by their first initial (and middle initial, if they choose)
• The publication year
• The article title
• The journal or magazine title, in italics
• The volume number, also in italics
• The issue number, in parentheses but not in italics
• The page numbers